Removal of humic substances from aqueous solutions by the coagulation process
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Laboratory studies were carried out on model solutions prepared on a tap-water base. The content of humic substances was 20 mg l(-1). Hardness and pH parameters of these solutions were altered using appropriate reagents. The coagulation process was run in a conventional manner using the two most popular coagulants, i.e. aluminium sulphate and iron chloride III. Optimum doses of coagulants, as well as the effect of hardness and pH of the purified solutions on coagulation process effectiveness, were determined. The efficacy of coagulation using the optimum doses of coagulants was the greatest for solutions having the highest hardness. The coagulation process progressed most efficiently in the pH range from 5 to 6. In order to describe a coagulation process with a mathematical model, the concentration of humic substances was changed from 5 to 30 mg l(-1). The results of these experiments served as a basis for the determination of the dependence of coagulant dose on the initial concentration of solutions.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it