Where there's smoke, there's fire: Can Crohn's disease relapse be prevented with smoking cessation?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Oral Contraceptive Use and Smoking Are Risk Factors for Relapse in Crohn's Disease. Timmer A, Sutherland LR, Martin F, and the Canadian Mesalamine for Remission of Crohn's Disease Study Group. Gastroenterology 1998;114: 1143-50. To define factors that predict recurrence in Crohn's disease (CD), the authors performed a cohort study on 152 patients with CD in remission treated with placebo from a large randomized clinical trial evaluating maintenance of remission with mesalamine (Gastroenterology 1997;112:1069-77). All patients were in clinical remission and not on topical or systemic corticosteroids, immunosuppressives, or 5-ASA (5-aminosalicylic acid) preparations. By 48 weeks, 61 (40%) patients had relapsed. Univariable analysis identified the risk of relapse to be significantly elevated in women, patients with a medicallyinduced as opposed to surgically-induced remission, cigarette smokers, and current or previous oral contraceptive (OC) users. There was a synergistic effect between smoking and OC use, and this combination carried the highest risk of relapse. In a multivariable analysis, the adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for relapse noted to be statistically significant were 2.1 for medically induced remission, 2.1 for cigarette smoking, and 3.0 for women who previously or currently were using OCs. Of note, the HR for relapse for former smokers was 1.0, the same as for nonsmokers. Among the authors conclusions, it was recommended that CD patients who smoke should be strongly advised to quit to reduce their risk of relapse.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".