Bibliographic record
Abstract
To evaluate evolution and outcome of large simple or complex cysts in pregnant women. 41 large simple or complex cystic ovarian masses were identified in 39 pregnant patients. A large simple cyst was defined as a thin walled anechoic cyst greater than 6 cm. Gestational ages at time of diagnosis ranged from 6 to 34 weeks. 9 simple cysts from 6 cm to 17 cm were identified. 2 patients with large cysts presented with acute symptoms and underwent percutaneous drainage, with no complications or recurrence. 4 cysts resolved during the pregnancy or postpartum period. 1 underwent surgery at 16 weeks with a pathological diagnosis of serous cystadenoma. 1 slowly decreased in size during the pregnancy but developed a thick wall. Post partum pathological diagnosis was a serous cystadenoma. 1 increased in size, postpartum pathological diagnosis was mucinous cystadenoma. 32 complex cystic masses were identified. 5 resolved spontaneously. 17 had typical sonographic features of dermoid cysts. MRI, surgical excision or long-term follow-up confirmed 7 dermoid cysts. The remainder had no long-term follow-up. 4 others had sonographic features suggestive of endometriomas, 2 confirmed surgically, and 2 unchanged on long-term follow up. Either multiple mural nodules and or thick septations were seen in 4 other lesions. Due to their suspicious sonographic appearance these underwent surgical excision. 2 were serous tumors of low malignant potential, 1 was an endometriotic cyst, 1 was a mucinous cystadenoma with struma ovarii. The other 2 lesions included a persistent simple cyst with a single thin septation; pathology diagnosis was a mucinous cystadenoma; and a predominantly solid mass with pathological diagnosis of serous cystadenoma. The majority of large simple or complex ovarian cystic masses in pregnancy are benign and can be followed. Ovarian lesions with suspicious sonographic findings should be evaluated for surgical excision.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".