Occurrence of Yersinia enterocolitica O:9 in feces from cows seropositive for brucellosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bovine brucellosis is an infectious disease of worldwide importance, usually caused by Brucella abortus, less frequently by B. melitensis, and occasionally by B. suis. Several countries in northern and central Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand are believed to be free from the agent (10). According to Directive 64/432/EEC, Poland, like most other countries of the European Union, is recognized as “officially free from bovine brucellosis”, and it obtained this status in 2009 (3, 5). Nevertheless, cattle herds have to be monitored for potential re-emergence of the disease. The main role in these examinations is played by serological tests. All animals monitored for brucellosis are tested by the Rose Bengal test, and all positives undergo a further examination with the use of the serum agglutination test (SAT) and the complement fixation test (CFT). Further examination also involves the 2-mercaptoethanol test (2-Me), the Coombs antiglobulin test (Coombs), and the indirect ELISA. All animals classified as serologically positive by the National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis (NRL) are obligatorily slaughtered and subjected to bacteriological examination. In addition, this kind of examination is performed in cases of abortions. The results of surveys show that B. abortus has not been reported in Poland since the eradication of bovine brucellosis in 1980. On the other hand B. suis is sporadically isolated from cattle (13). When specimens from 176 seropositive cows slaughtered in 2002-2011 were cultured for the isolation of Brucella, in 5 cases B. suis biovar 2 was isolated. In cattle, the infection caused by this biovar appears to be a noncontagious disease with limited induced pathology and no induction of abortion, but antibody response cannot be readily differentiated from that caused by an infection with B. abortus (4, 6, 11). However, the origin of the vast majority of positive serological results for brucellosis in cows is still unknown. Since some of these results can be regarded as false positive serological reactions (FPSR) related to Yersinia enterocolitica O:9, the Chief Veterinary Officer ordered that feces samples from slaughtered animals be examined for the presence of this microorganism in order to assess the scale of this phenomenon (1). Since 2011 these examinations have been performed by the NRL. The paper presents the results of bacteriological and molecular research for the presence of Y. enterocolitica O:9 in feces and in supramammary lymph nodes from cows slaughtered because of positive serological results for brucellosis. Occurrence of Yersinia enterocolitica O:9 in feces from cows seropositive for brucellosis
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".