Investigating the Water Transport in Porous Media for PEMFCs by Liquid Water Visualization in ESEM
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A novel ex situ method of investigating the water transport in porous media for PEM fuel cells with an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is introduced. By applying two different experimental methods, a liquid water pressure gradient is created which is necessary for the liquid water transport in porous media. The first method relies on water condensation on the bottom surface of the GDL to introduce a liquid phase into the porous media. The second method applies an external pressure gradient. The relevance of the methods is shown by visualizing the water formation and transport in different GDL materials with the high spatial resolution of an ESEM. In all experiments, the fingering effect, proposed by other researchers could be confirmed. However, the water formation on the surface of the GDLs is not consistent with the common idea of water formation in GDLs. The methods were also used to investigate the advantageous effect of laser perforating GDLs on fuel cell performance. The water transport visualization near a hole of a laser perforated GDL supports the assumptions of lower liquid water saturation in the GDL (due to effective water transport in the channels), and larger in‐plane water transport towards the perforations.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it