Simultaneous Removal of Lignin and 2,4-Dichlorophenol in Pulp and Paper Mill Wastewater Using a Supervibration-photocatalytic Reactor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Advanced photocatalytic degradation of lignin and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) was studied. The method used a newly developed supervibration-photocatalytic reactor based on the photocatalytic process combined with a supervibration agitator. Effects of operating conditions such as initial pH, UV intensity and supervibration frequency on removal efficiency were investigated. From the results obtained, removal efficiencies of lignin and 2,4-DCP were similar pattern. UV intensity and supervibration frequency in a low initial pH increased removal efficiencies of lignin and 2,4-DCP. The optimum operating condition for a supervibration-photocatalytic reactor was found at initial pH 5, 25.2mW/cm2 UV intensity and 50Hz supervibration frequency. Under the optimum treatment condition, the reactor could simultaneously remove lignin and 2,4-DCP up to 75.1% and 94.1%, respectively within 420min.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".