Thermalhydraulic Analysis of the Steam Generator Design for the 700 MWe Indian Nuclear Power Plant
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The next stage in the Indian nuclear power programme envisions building 700 MWe Indian Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (IPHWR) units. This development involves redesigning and up-rating of all the plant equipment including the reactor, steam generators (SGs), turbo-generator, major pumps, comparing to the current generation of the 540 MWe IPHWRs. The SG used is a vertical, inverted U-tube, natural-circulation type. The 700 MWe SG is of the same type, has the same tube bundle design and the same heat transfer area as the 540 MWe SG. In addition, the tube diameter, tube pitch, and outer diameter of the SG sections are the same as those for the 540 MWe SG. The geometry of the feedwater header, the flow restrictor in the downcomer, and the flow distribution plate are different in the two designs. The changes were required due to the 26% increase in steam flow rate while maintaining the same circulation ratio. This paper describes the design of the 700 MWe SG and a thermalhydraulic analysis of the SG using a one-dimensional, in-house code and a three-dimensional code called THIRST developed by AECL. The codes were validated for global parameters against the 540 MWe SG operating data. The analysis was made for two design versions, (1) with and (2) without integral preheater and for two versions of inlet primary water conditions, (1) with and (2) without primary steam at the entrance to the SG tubes. In addition, the effect of fouling and tube plugging on the long-term operation of the SG was considered. The paper covers the results obtained and discussion on the above-mentioned issues.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".