Effects of ions on the dielectric permittivity and relaxation rate and the decoupling of ionic diffusion from dielectric relaxation in supercooled liquid and glassy 1-propanol
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effects of intermolecular H bonds on the equilibrium permittivity, εs, the relaxation rate, fm, and changes in the dielectric relaxation spectra of 1-propanol were studied by adding a strongly dissociating electrolyte LiClO4. The spectra of both 1 mol % LiClO4 containing 1-propanol (1 molecule of LiClO4 per 99 molecules of 1-propanol), and of pure 1-propanol were measured over a temperature range from ∼90–160 K in the frequency range 1 mHz–1 MHz. An analysis of the spectra showed that the three relaxation processes (I, II, and III in ascending rapidity), that occur in the pure alcohol persist in the presence of ions, the equilibrium permittivity, εs, decreases, the distribution characteristics of the processes changes, and the rate of relaxation, fm, of processes I and III remains constant within analytical errors, while that of process II is reduced. The temperature dependencies of fm,I and fm,II are non-Arrhenius while that of fm,III is Arrhenius. The temperature dependence of the dc conductivity, σ0 is also non-Arrhenius, but the parameters of the fit differ from those of fm,I and are closer to those of fm,II. Its 1000-fold increase on adding 1 mol % LiClO4 is due to the increase in ion concentration and a decrease in the viscosity as a result of the breaking of H bonds. However, as fm,I and fm,III remain constant on the addition of LiClO4, and fm,II decreases slightly, an expected decrease in viscosity would seem to be unrelated to the relaxation rates of these processes. In that case, σ0 is decoupled from these dipolar relaxation modes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".