Identification of Estrogen Response Element in the Aquaporin-2 Gene That Mediates Estrogen-Induced Cell Migration and Invasion in Human Endometrial Carcinoma
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidence suggests that aquaporins (AQP) can facilitate cell migration, invasion, and proliferation in tumor development in addition to water transport. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine AQP2 expression in the endometrial tissues from patients with endometrial carcinoma (EC) and determine the roles and mechanisms of AQP2 in estrogen-related cell migration, invasion, adhesion, and proliferation of Ishikawa (IK) cells. APPROACH: AQP2 expression levels were measured in human endometrial cells and estradiol (E(2))-treated IK cells, and the estrogen-response element was identified. After blocking down and up-regulating the endogenous expression of AQP2 in IK cells, cell morphology, capacity for invasion, migration and adhesion, and expression markers of membrane/cytoskeleton were analyzed. RESULTS: AQP2 was expressed in endometrial tissues from patients with EC and endometriosis, both of which are estrogen-dependent diseases. In IK cells, E(2) dose-dependently increased AQP2 expression, which was blocked by the estrogen receptor inhibitor ICI182780. An estrogen-response element was identified in the AQP2 promoter. E(2) significantly increased the migration, invasion, adhesion, and proliferation of IK cells. AQP2 knockdown attenuated E(2)-enhanced migration, invasion, and adhesion. AQP2 knockdown reduced not only the E(2)-enhanced expression of F-actin and annexin-2 but also the E(2)-induced alteration of cell morphology. Moreover, higher expression levels of F-actin and annexin-2 were detected in the endometrial tissues from patients with EC. CONCLUSIONS: AQP2 mediates E(2)-enhanced migration, invasion, and adhesion through alteration of F-actin and annexin-2 expression and reorganization of F-actin, and inhibition of AQP may be a potential method for antitumor therapy.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it