Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Frameless stereotaxy provides stereotactic localization without a standard stereotactic frame. Other reference points on the patient are linked to radio-graphic images by means of a three-dimensional (3D) digitizer. We report the use of a frameless stereotactic system to assist in 53 procedures in 52 children using the ISG Viewing Wand system (ISG Technologies, Missasauga, Ont.). This device uses surface landmarks as well as random surface points as the reference system. The three-dimensional digitizer consists of a six-jointed articulated arm to which pointers, a rigid ventriculoscope, or stereotactic biopsy probe guide can be attached. Image reconstruction is performed on standard CT or MRI (3D volume acquisition) images, with typically 3-mm slice thickness. The tip of the probe can be displayed on 3D surfaced objects which can be cut away to reveal reformatted gray scale displayed on the cut surfaces, or in a triorthogonal view where simultaneous reformatted coronal and sagital views at the level of the tip of the probe are displayed. Cases for which the viewing wand was used included craniotomies for tumor (30), vascular malformation (6), epilepsy surgery (5), other lesions (3), rigid ventriculoscopy (9), and stereotactic biopsy (2). The accuracy of the system was measured by placing 20 fiducial markers on a plastic head of which 3-mm thickness CT images had been made. The average error using 4 fiducials as reference points was 1.5 mm when the fiducials were distributed around the circumference of the head. Using random surface points of 10, 20 and 40 in number gave average errors of 2.3, 1.6, 1.5 mm, respectively. Twenty targets were implanted in a cadaver head to which a BRW stereotactic frame (Radionics, Burlington, Mass.) was attached and imaged in the same fashion. The average error of the Viewing Wand, using 20-random surface point registration, was 2.3 mm, compared to 1.8 mm with the BRW frame using the arc system. Frameless stereotaxy is a valuable aid for a variety of neurosurgical procedures in children providing rapid and relatively accurate stereotactic guidance without the hindrance of a stereotactic frame.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it