Compensatory articulation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Tongue and jaw interactions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Previous acoustic studies on speech deterioration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) demonstrated that those at more advanced stages of disease show reduced F2 (second formant) slopes presumably due to disease-related changes in the tongue. Other studies have shown that patients with ALS use their jaw to compensate for decreased tongue function in speech. However, no study to date has examined the compensatory role that the jaw has on maintaining the acoustic signatures of vocalic segments. This study will report F2 slope differences in vowels and diphthongs produced with and without jaw stabilization via a bite block. Based on previous studies, I hypothesized that the bite block will affect F2 slope measures in individuals with significant tongue impairment on the oral-motor examination and low speech intelligibility scores. Thirty participants repeat a carrier phrase “Say _ again” with words “wax, sip, yo-yo, sight” three times with and without the bite block. Kinematic measures of the distance, time, and speed, and acoustic measures of F2 slope are reported. The data will be discussed in the context of the role of the tongue in vowel production.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".