EFFECTIVENESS OF BANDING VERSUS BROADCASTING OF ESTABLISHMENT-TIME AND ANNUAL PHOSPHORUS APPLICATIONS ON YIELD, PROTEIN, AND PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE OF BROMEGRASS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted from 1993 to 1995 on a phosphorus (P)-deficient Black Chernozemic (Typic Boroll) soil near Ponoka, Alberta, Canada to compare the effectiveness of broadcasting (spread on the soil surface) versus banding (1.5 cm wide band placed 5 cm deep and 15 cm apart, using a coulter-type disc drill) of P fertilizer applied annually (10, 20, 30, and 40 kg P ha−1) or at time of forage establishment (50, 100, 150, and 200 kg P ha−1) on dry matter yield (DMY), protein yield (PY) and P uptake (PU) of bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss) managed as hay. Fertilizer P markedly increased DMY, PY, and PU in all the three years. Annual broadcasting of P fertilizer produced greater increase in DMY, PY, and PU than banding (by 921 kg DMY ha−1, 71 kg PY ha−1, and 1.51 kg PU ha−1). On the contrary, banding P fertilizer at establishment produced higher increases in DMY, PY, and PU than broadcasting (by 3136 kg DMY ha−1, 331 kg PY ha−1, and 7.42 kg PU ha−1). The differences in DMY, PY, and PU between banding and broadcasting were not influenced by P rate. The increase in DMY, PY, and PU tended to increase with P rate, except for the establishment-time broadcasting treatments. Broadcast P fertilizer was much more effective with annual than establishment time application, whereas banded P fertilizer was almost equally effective with establishment-time and annual applications. Overall, annual broadcasting was most effective, establishment-time broadcasting was least effective and effectiveness of annual or establishment-time banding was intermediate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".