X-ray<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>photoelectron and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>L</mml:mi><mml:mi>α</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:math>resonant x-ray emission spectra of the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mi>d</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>metals in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ni</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Mn</mml:mi><mml:mi>Z</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>Z</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">In</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Sn</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Sb</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math>Heusler alloys
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Magnetic and chemical bonding effects in Heusler alloys ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{2}\mathrm{Mn}\mathrm{In}$, ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{2}\mathrm{Mn}\mathrm{Sn}$, and ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{2}\mathrm{Mn}\mathrm{Sb}$ were studied by soft x-ray spectroscopy. Exchange splitting detected in Mn $2p$ core-level x-ray photoelectron spectra and an increase of the Mn ${L}_{\ensuremath{\beta}}∕{L}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ intensity ratio in nonresonant x-ray emission spectra show that atomic magnetic moment at Mn is higher than that of pure metal. Spin polarized density of states calculations and comparative analysis of Mn and Ni ${L}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ resonant x-ray emission spectra (RXES) demonstrate that the spin splitting in Mn $3d$ shell is larger than in Ni $3d$ shell. The $d\text{\ensuremath{-}}d$ transitions observed in ${L}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ RXES of Mn and Ni are suggested to be more intensive for Mn than for Ni valence electrons when initiated by off-resonant excitations. Experimental findings are supported by photoelectron spectra calculations and developed two-step model of resonant x-ray emission. The interplay between Mn ${L}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ RXES and calculated magnetic moments of Mn atoms in alloys as a function of the type of $Z$ element is discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.504 | 0.340 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".