Bibliographic record
Abstract
We studied, by infrared absorption spectroscopy, icy samples (16 K) of pure water, a mixture N2:H2O=100:1, and a sample made of N2 condensed on water ice and diffused in it after warm up to 30 K. We concentrated our efforts in two spectral regions around 3700 cm1 where the feature due to the OH dangling bonds in porous amorphous water falls and around 5000 cm1 where a broad water band is present. We found that in the N2:H2=100:1 mixture the profile of the broad water feature at about 5000 cm1 dramatically changed to a very narrow band at about 5300 cm1. When N2 diffuses in water ice a feature at about 5300 cm1 appears along with the broad 5000 cm1 band. We also studied some of the effects of ion irradiation (Ar++, 60 keV ions) on these icy samples. We found that after processing the feature due to the OH dangling bonds it reduced in intensity and eventually disappeared. Here we present the experimental results, discuss their astrophysical relevance and suggest that a band at about 5300 cm1 (1.88 µm) should be searched for on icy surfaces in the outer Solar System, namely Pluto, Triton, EdgeworthKuiper Belt Objects, and Centaurs. PACS No.: 68.43Pg
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".