Large dissorophoid skeletal elements from the Lower Permian Richards Spur Fissures, Oklahoma, and their paleoecological implications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Skeletal remains attributable to large dissorophoid amphibians, including four femora, two humeri, and an isolated palatine bone, have recently been recovered from the Lower Permian fissure fill deposits at Richards Spur, Oklahoma. Three of the femora are assignable to Acheloma cumminsi. One humérus represents an indeterminate trematopid, perhaps A. cumminsi, whereas the remaining humerus and femur are evidently of dissorophid origin and probably assignable to Cacops. The palatine bone is of unusual morphology and evidently represents a third distinct large dissorophoid taxon. Although the Richards Spur faunal assemblage is unquestionably dominated by small animals such as Captorhinus aguti, Cardiocephalus, and Euryodus, the discovery of rare, larger skeletal elements at the site implies that some elements of the fauna approached or slightly exceeded a body length of about one meter. Although probably uncommon in the vicinity of the fissures, such larger species were clearly not excluded from the deposits by preservational biases. Like other taxa known from Richards Spur, the dissorophoids were fully terrestrial as adults, and their presence reinforces previous interpretations of the Richards Spur paleoenvironment as an arid highland region. However, some Richards Spur taxa have also been reported from lowland “deltaic” localities such as South Grandfield, Oklahoma, implying that their distribution was more cosmopolitan.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".