Two functionally distinct epithelial progenitors exist within the luminal cell compartment of the mouse mammary gland
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The organization of the mammary epithelial cell hierarchy is poorly understood. To determine the cells that make up this hierarchy and the relationship between them, we used fluorescence-activated cell sorting in combination with in vitro colony-forming cell assays to examine the growth and differentiative properties of phenotypically distinct subsets of mouse mammary epithelial cells. Our results indicate that >95% of all colony-forming cells present within the mammary epithelium are localized within the luminal cell compartment and that >90% of these have a CD45 Ter119 CD31 (Lin )CD24 CD14 phenotype. This progenitor cell population can be further resolved into two functionally distinct subpopulations based on the expression of Sca1. The Lin CD24 CD14 Sca1 progenitors, which express low levels of estrogen receptor alpha and intermediate levels of keratin 14 (K14), are perceived to be progenitors that produce Lin CD24 CD14 Sca1 alveolar cells during pregnancy. The Lin CD24 CD14 Sca1 progenitors, which express intermediate levels of estrogen receptor alpha and are K14 , are perceived to be precursors of the steroid receptor expressing cells, of which the vast majority are terminally differentiated and have a Lin CD24 CD14 Sca1 phenotype. These results demonstrate the existence of two functionally distinct progenitor cells within the luminal compartment of the mammary gland and provide a framework for interpreting breast tumour gene expression profiles and the possible origins of breast tumours.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".