DISK-LOSS AND DISK-RENEWAL PHASES IN CLASSICAL Be STARS. II. CONTRASTING WITH STABLE AND VARIABLE DISKS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recent observational and theoretical studies of classical Be stars have established the utility of polarization color \ndiagrams (PCDs) in helping to constrain the time-dependent mass decretion rates of these systems. We expand \non our pilot observational study of this phenomenon, and report the detailed analysis of a long-term (1989–2004) \nspectropolarimetric survey of nine additional classical Be stars, including systems exhibiting evidence of partial \ndisk-loss/disk-growth episodes as well as systems exhibiting long-term stable disks. After carefully characterizing \nand removing the interstellar polarization along the line of sight to each of these targets, we analyze their intrinsic \npolarization behavior. We find that many steady-state Be disks pause at the top of the PCD, as predicted by theory. \nWe also observe sharp declines in the Balmer jump polarization for later spectral type, near edge-on steady-state \ndisks, again as recently predicted by theory, likely caused when the base density of the disk is very high, and the \nouter region of the edge-on disk starts to self absorb a significant number of Balmer jump photons. The intrinsic \nV-band polarization and polarization position angle of γ Cas exhibits variations that seem to phase with the orbital \nperiod of a known one-armed density structure in this disk, similar to the theoretical predictions of Halonen&Jones. \nWe also observe stochastic jumps in the intrinsic polarization across the Balmer jump of several known Be+sdO \nsystems, and speculate that the thermal inflation of part of the outer region of these disks could be responsible \nfor producing this observational phenomenon. Finally, we estimate the base densities of this sample of stars to be \nbetween ≈8 × 10−11 and ≈4 × 10−12 g cm−3 during quasi steady state periods given there maximum observed \npolarization
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".