X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein Activates the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Pathway in Rat Granulosa Cells during Follicular Development<sup>1</sup>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) in granulosa cells is regulated by gonadotropins during follicular development, although the current understanding of the mechanisms by which XIAP suppressed granulosa cell apoptosis is incomplete. In the present study, we investigated the possible involvement of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-K) survival pathway in the regulation of granulosa cell fate. Using a fully characterized in vivo model to study the induction of follicular development and atresia in immature rats, we have demonstrated that gonadotropin treatment increased granulosa cell XIAP and phospho-Akt protein contents and suppressed apoptosis. In addition, gonadotropin withdrawal [equine CG (eCG)-primed rats treated with an anti-eCG antibody] induced granulosa cell apoptosis and significantly decreased ovarian weight. The increased apoptosis was accompanied by marked decreases in XIAP expression and phosphorylation of Akt protein. Infection of granulosa cells from eCG-primed rats with adenoviral sense XIAP [lacZ as a control; multiplicity of infection, 1-5] resulted in XIAP overexpression and increased phospho-Akt content, whereas XIAP antisense expression (multiplicity of infection, 10-40) decreased granulosa cell phospho-Akt level and induced apoptosis. Addition of the specific PI 3-K inhibitor LY294002 to the granulosa cell cultures decreased Akt phosphorylation and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these results demonstrate for the first time the importance and regulation of the PI 3-K survival pathway by XIAP in the control granulosa cell apoptosis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".