Immunoaffinity Purification of Chlorimuron-ethyl from Soil Extracts Prior to Quantitation by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A competitive-indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CI-ELISA) was developed to quantify chlorimuron-ethyl in soil. The linear working range of the assay was from 1 to 1000 ng mL(-)(1). The assay had an I(50) value of 54 ng mL(-)(1), with a limit of detection of 2 ng mL(-)(1) and a limit of quantification of 27 ng mL(-)(1). Three soils were extracted using a carbonate buffer (pH 9.0) and the extracts spiked with chlorimuron-ethyl. Because of the effects of coextractants (matrix effects) from soil on the accuracy and precision of the ELISA, immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC) was used to purify chlorimuron-ethyl from soil extracts prior to analysis. The immunoaffinity columns, which had a total binding capacity of 1350 ng of chlorimuron-ethyl mL(-)(1) of immunosorbent, were prepared by binding anti-chlorimuron-ethyl antibodies to protein G Sepharose 4B. Although the matrix effects were largely removed using the affinity column, they could be completely removed by first passing the extract through a column containing epoxy-coupled 1,6-diaminohexane (EAH) Sepharose 4B to remove organic acids prior to IAC. Assay sensitivity was increased 100-fold using IAC to purify and simultaneously concentrate chlorimuron-ethyl from soil extracts. The purification strategy (EAH followed by IAC chromatography) removed matrix effects from all three soils and allowed for the accurate quantitation of chlorimuron-ethyl in soil extracts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".