Coal Mine Methane Gas Recovery by Hydrate Formation in a Fixed Bed of Silica Sand Particles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the present work, the separation of CH 4 from low-concentration coal mine methane gas (30 mol % CH 4 /N 2 ) through hydrate crystallization was investigated in a fixed bed of silica sand particles. The influence of the additive tetrahydrofuran (THF) on hydrate equilibrium conditions and kinetics of CH 4 separation was studied as well. The incipient hydrate equilibrium conditions at 1 mol % THF were determined using the isothermal pressure search method. It was found that the presence of THF significantly reduced the hydrate equilibrium conditions as compared to those obtained in liquid water with the same gas mixture. CH 4 recovery in the water-saturated silica sand bed was considerably low (∼12.0%) because N 2 molecules might compete with CH 4 molecules to enter the hydrate crystals under high pressure conditions. The addition of THF to the bed of silica sand particles reduced the nucleation time of gas hydrate formed from the 30 mol % CH 4 /N 2 gas and increased the CH 4 recovery (∼21.4%) significantly. The comparison of CH 4 separation between the silica sand bed and the stirred reactor in the presence of THF indicated that CH 4 recovery was approximately the same, but the conversion of water to hydrate in the THF solution-saturated silica sand bed was largely increased.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".