Bibliographic record
Abstract
To test the inference, arising from circumstantial evidence, that Richardson's ground squirrels (Spermophilus richardsonii (Sabine, 1822)) frequently depredate eggs of greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus (Bonaparte, 1827)), gape size was measured and the response of free-living squirrels to three sizes of eggs was observed. Maximum gape measured on carcasses was 26 mm and functional gape assessed from tooth imprints in artificial clay eggs was 17 mm. Squirrels left imprints in 46 of 110 clay eggs, but whether tested with domestic fowl (Gallus gallus (L., 1758)) or ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus L., 1758) eggs that approximated the maximum width of sage-grouse eggs or with much smaller Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica Temminck and Schlegel, 1849) eggs that approximated maximum gape, no squirrels (28 adults and at least 28 juveniles) spontaneously depredated eggs, even after multiple exposures. When re-tested with damaged eggs, 15 of 16 adult females scavenged contents, though usually not on their first exposure. After scavenging damaged eggs, 2 of 12 squirrels opened a few intact eggs, but only quail eggs and usually only if the shell was rough. Although Richardson's ground squirrels are potential scavengers of large damaged eggs and likely they could depredate small eggs, the inference from circumstantial evidence that they are major predators of greater sage-grouse eggs remains unsubstantiated.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".