Fin whales (<i>Balaenoptera physalus</i>) in British Columbia sing a consistent song
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Geographic differences in fin whale song that may be related to population structure have been documented in the Atlantic and Southern Oceans. However, information on the songs and population structure of fin whales in the North Pacific is limited. We analyzed fin whale songs recorded over 9 months by an Autonomous Underwater Recorder for Acoustic Listening device (AURAL, Multi-Electronique Inc.) deployed west of Vancouver Island, British Columbia (July 2010 to March 2011). Our analysis focused on internote intervals—the song characteristic that others have shown to display the most geographic variation. We found that beginning in mid-August and continuing to the end of our study, fin whales produced one stereotyped song consisting of alternating classic (C) and backbeat (B) notes. Internote interval evolved slightly over this time period, and small differences in interval length occurred among individual songs. However, all songs shared the same note arrangement (i.e., the interval between C and B notes was always 30% longer than the interval between B and C notes). All whales recorded in this study produced a similar song, suggesting that they may belong to the same acoustic population. Future studies will help to determine the spatio-temporal boundaries of this acoustic population.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".