Detection and molecular characterisation of bovine polyomavirus in bovine sera in New Zealand
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the prevalence of bovine polyomavirus (BPyV) DNA in commercial batches of bovine serum products, cell lines and cattle in New Zealand and to characterise the viral DNA detected. METHODS: Two nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were applied to detect BPyV in bovine sera. One was used to screen for the VP1 gene of BPyV DNA in: 140 batches of commercial bovine serum products, including 66 batches of fetal bovine serum (FBS), 34 batches of calf serum, and 40 batches of adult bovine serum (ABS)/plasma; 112 individual adult bovine sera; and 16 cell lines of various species origin. Fifty batches of serum samples were also tested, using the second nested PCR assay that screened for the Large T gene. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was conducted with 36 PCR products amplified from the VP1 gene of BPyV using EcoRI. Five selected VP1 PCR products were subjected to DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS: BPyV DNA was detected in 46 (70%) batches of FBS, 11 (32%) batches of calf sera and two (5%) batches of ABS/plasma, an overall prevalence of 42%. None of 112 adult bovine sera was BPyV-positive. RFLP analysis demonstrated a uniform digestion pattern in the majority (31/36) of amplicons tested, while the remaining PCR amplicons did not show enzyme cleavage. Sequence analysis of the PCR products (a 263 base pair (bp) fragment of the VP1 gene) obtained from five batches of FBS showed 96.2-98.9% homology to that of published sequences of BPyV. CONCLUSION: BPyV is a frequent contaminant of commercial bovine serum in New Zealand. The incidence of BPyV in adult bovine serum products is much lower than in FBS and calf serum. Genomic variations exist among different viruses. The clinical significance of the high prevalence of BPyV DNA in bovine serum products is yet to be determined.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".