Nucleate Boiling Heat Transfer Under Liquid Jet Impingement
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Liquid jet impingement is a very effective way of cooling of simple and complicated geometry objects. The attainable cooling rate is radically enhanced when using liquids as coolant due to the possibility of having boiling to occur during the impingement process. Bubble activity on the surface and the resulted mixing with the fluid bulk produces an additional factor of enhancement which at some levels of surface temperature dominates other convective mechanism due to the coolant flow perpendicular or parallel to the surface. The efficient nucleate boiling heat transfer regime can be divided into: partial nucleate boiling and fully developed nucleate boiling. The heat transfer capacity of each and the range of surface temperature over which each of these two boiling regimes up to the critical heat flux (CHF) are experimentally investigated in this research for different coolant temperature and velocity. For this purpose, single planar jet is used to provide the cooling medium of a flat surface that is being heated steadily. The boiling surface temperature was thus controlled by a feed back computer program to allow for steady state operation. So, at each level of boiling surface temperature observation of boiling mode and heat transfer mechanisms was elongated and verified. The experiments were conducted using degassed water jet velocity range between 0.75 and 1.7 m/s and degree of sub-cooling range from 10 to 28 °C at atmospheric pressure. The variation of the heat flux with those factors at different surface superheat up to the CHF point is presented. A physical interpretation is introduced to explain the effects of the input parameters on the heat transfer changes in these regimes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".