Multiple Auditory Steady-State Responses to Bone-Conduction Stimuli in Adults with Normal Hearing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ASSR thresholds to bone-conduction stimuli were determined in 10 adults with normal hearing using mastoid placement of the bone oscillator. ASSRs to 0–50 dB HL bone-conduction stimuli and to 30–60 dB HL air-conduction stimuli were compared. The effect of alternating stimulus polarity on air- and bone-conduction ASSRs was also investigated. Stimuli were bone- and air-conduction amplitude-modulated tones (500–4000 Hz carrier frequencies, modulated at 77–101 Hz). ASSRs were recorded using the Rotman MASTER research system. Mean (1SD) bone-conduction ASSR thresholds were 22(11), 26(13), 18(8), and 18(11) dB HL for 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz, respectively. Except for a steeper slope at 500 Hz, ASSR intensity-amplitude functions for binaural bone- and air-conduction stimuli showed the same slopes; intensity-phase-delay functions were steeper at 1000 Hz for ASSRs to bone-conduction stimuli. ASSR amplitudes and phases did not differ for single- versus alternated-stimulus polarities for both bone- and air-conduction stimuli. The steeper amplitude slope for ASSRs to 500 Hz stimuli may reflect a nonauditory contribution to the ASSR. Se determinaron umbrales de conducción ósea para las ASSR en 10 adultos con audición normal, colocando un oscilador óseo en el hueso mastoides. Se compararon las ASSR obtenidos con estímulos por conducción ósea entre 0 a 50 dB, y de 30 a 60 db obtenidos con estímulos por conducción aérea. También se investigó el efecto en las ASSR de alternar la polaridad en los estímulos presentados por vía aérea y ósea. Los estímulos fueron tonos de amplitud modulada conducidos por vía ósea y aérea (frecuencias portadoras de 500 – 4000Hz, moduladas a 77 – 101 Hz). Las ASSR fueron registradas utilizando el sistema de investigación Rotman MASTER. Los umbrales medios (1DS) para las ASSR por conducción ósea fueron 22(11), 26(13), 18(8), y 18(11) dB HL para 500, 1000, 2000 y 4000 Hz, respectivamente. Las funciones de intensidadamplitud para las ASSR con los estímulos binaurales conducidos por vía aérea y ósea mostraron las mismas pendientes, excepto por una pendiente más pronunciada en 500 Hz; las funciones de retardo de intensidad-fase tuvieron pendientes más pronunciadas para las ASSR con estímulos de conducción ósea en 1000 Hz. Las amplitudes y fases de las ASSR no fueron diferentes para estímulos de polaridad sencilla versus polaridad alternante, tanto para la conducción ósea como aérea. La pendiente de amplitud más pronunciada para las ASSR con estímulos de 500 Hz puede reflejar un elemento no auditivo en los ASSR.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".