Varieties of shallow temperature maximum waters in the Western Canadian Basin of the Arctic Ocean
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The properties and spreading pathways of shallow temperature maximum waters (STMs) in the western Canadian Basin are investigated using CTD and mooring data obtained in 1997–98 as part of the SHEBA (Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean) drift experiment and available historical data. Three distinct varieties of STM are recognized on the basis of salinity range: (1) Surface Mixed Layer Water (SMLW) with S < 30 psu; (2) Eastern Chukchi Summer Water (ECSW) with 31 < S < 32 psu; and (3) Western Chukchi Summer Water (WCSW) with S > 32 psu. These STMs carry sufficient heat within the upper layers of the ocean to significantly affect the rates of ice cover and decay. For example, during the winter of 1997–98 anomalously warm STM (> 0°C) originating from ECSW was observed to spread northwards along the Northwind Ridge and Chukchi Plateau, where the maximum reduction of the ice covers was subsequently observed in late summer, 1998 [Maslanik et al., 1999]. Regional climate variability and ice cover in the western Canadian Basin are thus affected not only by anomalous atmospheric circulation patterns, but also by the circulation of upper ocean water masses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".