Amplified Production of Singlet Oxygen in Aqueous Solution Using Metal Enhancement Effects
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Studies involving metal enhancement effects have gained popularity, and enhancement of fluorescence due to the close proximity of a dye molecule to a metal nanoparticle is well documented. Although enhancement of singlet oxygen production by metal has been reported, studies are relatively scarce and so far only stationary silver island films have been proven to be adequate to do so. Herein, we describe the synthesis and characterization of core-shell nanoparticles on which a photosensitizer acting as source of singlet oxygen has been covalently attached to the nanoparticle surface. As a proof of concept, silver nanoparticles with a diameter around 68 nm were chosen as the metallic core, and were coated by a silica shell of about 22 nm in thickness. The silica shell plays a dual role as a spacer and a medium onto which the photosensitizer, rose bengal (RB), has been covalently attached. These novel core-shell nanoparticles allow for the amplification of singlet oxygen production by 3.8 times, which is similar to the amplification found for RB in proximity of silver island films.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".