Development of the Technology of a Simultaneous Untilization of Heterogenous Industrial Wastes for a Construction Materials Production
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nowadays a development of industry and technology reached levels, that allow to consider industrial wastes as valuable raw material for construction materials’ production. The factor, which prevents from using many kinds of wastes, is a negative impact that they have on environment and people. However, technologies allowing a usage of a simultaneous utilization of wastes with a mutual neutralization effect are known from a practice. The aim of the presented research is the analysis of previous studies on the topic of a utilization of industrial wastes in construction materials and a development of methodological approaches to their simultaneous utilization with an obtainment of construction materials which can be competitive in comparison with analogues produced from natural raw materials. In the paper, methodological approaches to a utilization of heterogeneous industrial waste products and a production of construction materials with a low negative impact on environment are presented. The basis of methodological approaches comprises principles used in the best obtainable technologies. Developed theoretical basis passed approbation during the creation of the technology of a simultaneous utilization of blast furnace slags and waste products of soda production in construction materials manufacture. In case of a utilization of blast furnace slags in construction materials production there is an increased migration of heavy metals and water-soluble compounds. With an introduction of soda m wastes, which have an increased alkaline reserve, to construction materials’ composition, water soluble compounds convert in marginally soluble and insoluble. The achieved result is a 2.5-3 times decreased migration of heavy metals in environment in case of contact with water both in acid and alkaline media.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".