Genetic analysis of<i>Pinus banksiana</i>and<i>Pinus resinosa</i>populations from stressed sites contaminated with metals in Northern Ontario (Canada)
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The Sudbury region in Canada is known for the mining and smelting of high-sulphide ores containing nickel, copper, iron and precious metals. Although reports provide information of metal levels in soil and plants, knowledge of genetic effects on plants growing in contaminated areas is limited. The main objective of this study was to characterise the level of genetic diversity in Pinus banksiana and Pinus resinosa populations from the Sudbury (Ontario) region using microsatellite markers. Soil samples were analysed for concentrations of metals. High levels of metal contents in soil were observed within short distances of the smelter compared with control sites. The level of genetic diversity was very low for P. resinosa populations and moderate for P. banksiana samples. Observed heterozygosity was fivefold higher in P. banksiana populations than P. resinosa populations studied. Overall, 17 and 24% of the total genetic diversity were attributed to differences among populations for P. banksiana and P. resinosa, respectively. In general, the inbreeding was significantly higher in P. resinosa populations than P. banksiana populations and gene flows were relatively low in both species. No significant trend of the levels of genetic diversity for metal contaminated and uncontaminated sites was found. Keywords: microsatellites Pinus banksiana Pinus resinosa genetic diversitymetal contaminationSudbury (Ontario, Canada) Acknowledgements We express our appreciation to the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Vale INCO Limited (Sudbury), and Xstrata Nickel Limited for financial support.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it