Progress in the Genetics of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease that has a prevalence of 1 in 1000 women over the age of 40. Treatment is presently limited to ursodeoxycholic acid, a hydrophilic bile acid that has nonspecific, choleretic, effects in cholestatic liver disease. PBC has strong autoimmune features, including highly specific loss of tolerance to a ubiquitous mitochondrial antigen. Both environmental and genetic factors are considered important in the pathogenesis of disease. Prior to the advent of genome-wide association studies, only class II human leucocyte antigen (HLA) loci (HLA-DRB1*08, *11, and *13) had been reproducibly shown to associate with disease. Non-HLA loci were suggested for several genes (e.g., CTLA-4, MDR3), but often inconclusively replicated. With the application of genome-wide technology, HLA was confirmed as the strongest association and many other risk loci have been identified, with equivalent effect size to HLA, including IL12A, IL12RB2, STAT4, IRF5-TNPO3, 17q12.21, MMEL1, SPIB, and CTLA-4. These collectively support an important role for innate and adaptive immunity in development of disease. Further insights are predicted as studies with larger cohorts are assembled, and different approaches are taken to further discover common and uncommon gene variants associated with disease. Disease subphenotypes such as response to therapy, clinical progression, and symptoms remain additional areas for further dedicated studies, and in which different genetic risk factors may be relevant. Identification of risk loci associated with disease has the potential to aid development of rational, disease-specific, therapies in the future.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it