Laboratory characterization of the spatial variability in soils by the EM-wave-based technique
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A slim-form, open-ended coaxial probe with an outside diameter of 2.2 mm was used in this study to take local dielectric measurements in soils. The dielectric relaxation strength of bulk water, Δκ w , and the DC conductivity of the saturated sample, σ mix , are jointly used to characterize the spatial variability of different specimens including glass beads, sand and mica samples, and kaolinite sediments with two different fabric associations. The pore distribution along the sample depth can be inferred from the local Δκ w using mixing rules. The directional feature of the interconnected pores is captured in the tortuosity, which is derived from the measured σ mix and the DC conductivity of the pore fluid σ pf . In kaolinite sediments, the ratio between the sediment and the pore-fluid conductivity not only reveals the spatial variability of the sediment packing but also the relative contribution of the fluid conductivity and the surface conduction to the overall sediment conductivity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".