Unilateral Complete Duplication of Ectopic, Refluxing Ureters: A Rarest Entity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A ureter that opens at a site distal to the posterolateral aspect of the trigone is known as ectopic ureter. Commonly with complete duplication, upper moiety ureter can be ectopic. A 7-year-old boy presented with dull pain in right flank with repeated episodes of urinary tract infection. Clinically, no abnormality was detected. Ultrasonography revealed right gross hydronephrosis with hydroureter up to ureterovesical junction. Micturating cystourethrogram suggested grade V reflux in both ureters of complete duplication. Right kidney had 20% split function (glomerular filtration rate: 18 mL/minute). Cystoscopy revealed both the ureteric orifice in small prostatic urethral diverticulum. Common sheath ureteric reimplantation was done by Politano-Leadbetter technique. Ectopic ureteral orifice is not uncommon, especially with complete duplication. But complete duplication opening in ectopic position (prostatic urethra) with high grade reflux in both the ureters is extremely uncommon entity. No similar case report could be seen in available literature, making this a unique case. World J Nephrol Urol. 2015;4(1):181-182 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/wjnu195w
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".