Bibliographic record
Abstract
O n 29 March 2004, Ireland became the first country in the world to ban smoking in all indoor workplaces, including in restaurants and bars.That landmark event followed a ten-year period during which it was shown that voluntary bans and partial bans allowing workplace smoking in certain designated areas didn't protect Irish workers from secondhand smoke, a known cause of cancer and other lethal diseases.So in a move to protect its workers, Ireland took the extraordinary step of banning indoor workplace smoking completely.In so doing, it launched a wave of similar national-level policies now spreading across the globe. The Ripple EffectSince 2004, countries including Norway, New Zealand, Uruguay, Malta, Italy, Sweden, Scotland, Bhutan, Lithuania, and the British Virgin Islands have gone smoke-free, protecting the health of millions by banning smoking in public places.The European Union is now considering smoke-free legislation for all of its 27 member countries.France-the latest country to move in this direction-issued a workplace ban in January 2007, which will apply to restaurants and bars next year.Other countries and territories now preparing to adopt national bans include England, Wales, Northern Ireland, Kazakhstan, Finland, and Hong Kong.Most of Canada and Australia is covered by smoke-free policies.Ireland didn't spawn the trend in isolation.Beginning in the early 1980s, U.S. cities and towns began enacting ordinances that restricted, but did not eliminate, smoking in public places, workplaces, and restaurants.However, as understanding of the health effects of secondhand smoke grew, especially as a matter of worker protection, ordinances more commonly completely prohibited smoking,
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".