Mechanical Properties of Subchondral Cancellous Bone of the Radial Head
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To quantify the mechanical properties of subchondral bone of the radial head, with special interest in the regional variations in bone stiffness and strength. DESIGN: Transverse subchondral cancellous bone slices obtained from the proximal radial head were subjected to indentation tests. SETTING: Biomechanics laboratory with a servohydraulic materials testing machine. SPECIMENS: Thirteen previously frozen, cadaver proximal radii of mean age 69 +/- 9 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: The mean indentation modulus and local yield strength were calculated for the anteromedial (AM), anterolateral (AL), posteromedial (PM), and posterolateral (PL) quadrants of the radial head. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: There were no differences in mean indentation modulus across all 4 quadrants (AL, 55.56 +/- 16.20 MPa; AM, 53.48 +/- 20.67 MPa; PM, 49.20 +/- 18.31 MPa; PL, 49.96 +/- 14.97 MPa) (P > 0.05). The AM quadrant had higher local yield strength than the PL and PM quadrants, as did the AL compared with the PL quadrant (AL, 24.89 +/- 8.52 Mpa; AM, 28.39 +/- 10.52 Mpa; PM, 23.01 +/- 6.99; PL, 20.62 +/- 4.83 MPa) (P < 0.05). This suggests that the high frequency of radial head fractures in the AL quadrant is likely not due to the local strength of cancellous bone. Rather, the location of fracture may be influenced by the composite strength or the mechanisms of loading at the radiocapitellar and proximal radioulnar joints. The modulus results suggest that similar screw purchase can be achieved in all areas of the radial head during internal fixation of fractures. These results may also influence implant design and fixation. This study was limited to an older population and may not be representative of a younger population.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".