Pollen‐Mediated Gene Flow in Commercial Fields of Spring Wheat in Western Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Crop intraspecific pollen‐mediated gene flow (PMGF) can be scale dependent. In 2004—the first year imidazolinone (IMI)‐resistant spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was commercially available—a study was conducted in western Canada to examine PMGF in commercial fields. At each of two sites located 4 km apart in the semiarid grassland region of Saskatchewan, PMGF was measured from a 16‐ha (400 × 400 m) field of IMI‐resistant wheat (cultivar CDC Imagine) to an adjacent field of conventional (non‐IMI‐resistant) wheat (cultivar AC Barrie) with the same dimensions. Wheat grain samples of AC Barrie were collected at varying distances to 400 m along five equally‐spaced transects oriented perpendicular to the common border with CDC Imagine. A total of 2000 seedlings per sample were screened for resistance to imazamox at 200 μM in a 7‐d soilless bioassay. Putative resistant hybrids were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Averaged across transects and sites, PMGF was 0.2% at the common border and declined exponentially with increasing distance; the maximum distance that PMGF was detected was 80 m from the donor field. Higher levels of PMGF were generally observed in this study compared with that of previous studies in western Canada. Results of this study provide a more complete assessment of PMGF in this crop under western Canadian climatic conditions. Together with previous studies, frequency and distance of PMGF can guide grower stewardship practices for identify preservation in wheat cultivars possessing different traits.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".