Trends in sea level pressure across western Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper examines recent trends in sea level pressure (SLP) in western Canada. Time series of mean monthly SLP from each of 51 stations from 1956 to 1993 were analyzed for temporal and spatial trends using a number of analytical techniques, such as simple regression and correlation, trend surface analyzes, and geographical information system. Over the period, annual SLP declined at an average rate of 0.4 hPa/100 yr. Seasonal trends were clearly marked. In winter (December, January, February) and spring (March, April, May), SLP decreased at an average rate of 1.6 hPa/100 yr and 3.3 hPa/100 yr, respectively. The opposite trend was measured in the summer (+1.1 hPa/100 yr) and the fall (+2.3 hPa/100 yr). Trends in January and March were strongly negative (−9.7 hPa/100 yr and −4.3 hPa/100 yr, respectively). Equivalent values for July and October were +0.30 hPa/100 yr and +5.9 hPa/100 yr, respectively. All trends and their statistical significance levels amplified poleward. In general, trends were larger and more consistent in the Arctic and sub‐Arctic, and least in British Columbia and the southern prairies. These observations suggest a weakening of the Arctic High in the winter and spring which, if correct, is in agreement with recent mild winters in the Canadian Prairies and the Arctic.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".