Molecular analysis indicates gene flow among populations of <i>Paralvinella pandorae</i>Desbruyères and Laubier 1986 (Alvinellidae, Terebellida), a polychaete annelid endemic to hydrothermal vents of the northeast Pacific
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The polychaete annelid Paralvinella pandorae Desbruyères and Laubier 1986 is endemic to hydrothermal vents in the northeast Pacific, and is found at almost all vents sites along the 500‐km long Juan de Fuca ridge (JdF) system. The sperm morphology of P. pandorae indicates that fertilization occurs internally or in the worm's tube, and the maximum observed oocyte size of 215 μm suggests that a dispersive larval phase is short or non‐existent. Size frequency analyses of populations of P. pandorae suggest continuous or semi‐continuous recruitment of juveniles. Given our limited knowledge of the species’ life history, we predicted that populations of P. pandorae would exhibit a decline in genetic similarity with increasing distance among populations along the JdF. While our attempts to use amplified fragment length polymorphisms to test this prediction were not successful, our analysis of cytochrome oxidase I gene sequences provided insights into the phylogeography of the species. For 31 individuals from five sites along the JdF there is little sequence variation among individuals and no phylogeographic pattern among haplotypes from populations separated by distances of up to 210 km. These results indicate that gene flow occurs among all sites in the analyses, i.e. despite the very limited dispersal potential inferred from life history characteristics of this worm, there is no evidence for isolation‐by‐distance across the geographical scale of the study. Demersal larvae dispersed by near‐bottom currents might explain the gene flow among sites, as well as the establishment of populations of P. pandorae at new vents within a year.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".