Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new mesoscopic response in a crystal during post-annealing (PA) after ion implantation has been discovered. PA is an indispensable procedure for activating the implanted dopant center by retrieving the lost crystallinity of the host crystal, which usually elapses over periods longer than a few milliseconds. By using an empirical molecular-dynamics simulation, we examined what actually happened during extended PA for up to one nanosecond in case of sub-keV N2 beam implantation into bulk diamond at room temperature with annealing at 1000 K. While observing the changes in the long-range-order (LRO) parameter, a notable phase transition from the crystalline to the amorphous state (CA transition) occurred synergistically at approximately a few picoseconds (ps). After the CA transition, PA was initiated. A few tens of ps later, a sequence of restoration spikes was observed in LRO parameter with a regular time interval of 70–80 ps. Each sharp peak showed the spontaneous restoration of “amorphous -> crystal -> amorphous” transitions. This process may trigger a “critical state” that occurs during the slow and steady recovery of the lost crystallinity in the early stages of PA. It was found that annealing not only enhances the vibration amplitude of the individual atoms in the bulk but also causes phonon-assisted restoration in a mesoscopic space.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".