Controlling suction by the vapour equilibrium technique at different temperatures and its application in determining the water retention properties of MX80 clay
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Problems related to unsaturated soils are frequently encountered in geotechnical or environmental engineering works. In most cases, for simplicity, one can study the problems by considering the suction effects on volume change or shear strength under isothermal conditions. Often, under these conditions, a temperature-independent water retention curve is considered in the analysis obviously a simplification. When the temperature changes are too significant to be ignored, it is necessary to account for the thermal effects. This note presents a method for controlling suction with the vapour equilibrium technique at different temperatures. First, calibration of various saturated saline solutions was carried out at temperatures ranging from 20 °C to 60 °C. A mirror psychrometer was used to measure relative humidity generated by saturated saline solutions at different temperatures. The results obtained were in good agreement with the data from the literature. This information was then used to determine the water retention properties of MX80 clay, which showed that the retention curve shifts downward with increasing temperature.Key words: vapour equilibrium technique, hygrometer, water retention curve, temperature effects, compacted bentonite.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".