Major disruption of gene expression in hybrids between young sympatric anadromous and resident populations of brook charr (<i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i> Mitchill)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Genome-wide analyses of the transcriptome have suggested that male-biased genes are the first targets of genomic incompatibilities (g.i.) in inter-specific hybrids. However, those studies have almost invariably focused on Drosophila species that diverged at least 0.9 Ma, and with sterile male hybrids. Here, we use microarrays to analyse patterns of gene expression in very closely related (divergence <12,000 years), sympatric, but ecologically divergent anadromous and resident populations of brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) and their F(1) hybrids. Our results show a dramatic breakdown of gene expression patterns in hybrids compared with their parental relatives. Several disrupted genes are related to energetic metabolism, immune response, osmoregulation and protection against oxidative stress, and none has sex-biased functions. Besides, pure individuals show no expression differences at most of the genes disrupted in hybrids, which may suggest the operation of some form of stabilizing selection. Taken together, these results both confirm the idea that perturbations of regulatory networks represent a significant source of g.i. and support the suggestion that developmental pathways can diverge through time without any manifest change in the phenotypic outcome. While the role of other evolutionary forces (e.g. genetic drift) cannot be ruled out, this study suggests that ecological selective processes may provide the initial driving force behind disruption of gene expression in inter-specific hybrids.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".