Fallen Through the Nationalist and Feminist Grids of Analysis: Political Campaigning of Indian Women against Indentured Labour Emigration
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article examines the Indian nationalist campaign against indentured labour emigration from British India in the early 20th century from a micro perspective, by exploring the interventions of the Prayag Mahila Samiti (Allahabad Women’s Association). The proceedings of a conference organised by the women’s organisation in 1917 reveal that its elite Indian women participants displayed sisterhood, patriotism and concern for emigrant male and female plantation workers in a manner that crossed the boundaries of gender, caste, class and the rural–urban divide. Their campaign operated within colonial civilising discourses while making use of middle-class nationalist idioms, claiming that the honour of Indians was threatened by the morally unrestrained and sexually exploited female labourers employed in plantation colonies. The campaign ultimately led to a petition to the Viceroy of India, Lord Chelmsford, marking it as the first instance of Indian women lobbying as political subjects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".