Nesting habitat of Chubut Steamer Ducks in Patagonia, Argentina
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We studied nest-site selection of the flightless Chubut Steamer Duck (Tachyeres leucocephalus) along 292 km of continental coastline and 59 km of island coastline in Patagonia, Argentina, between 2004 and 2006. This area encompasses the main breeding range of the species. Almost all nests were on islands and islets, which ranged in area from 0.5 to 54.4 ha and were 0.01-5.6 km from the mainland. Nesting sites were within bays and inlets with shallow waters and protected from waves, winds and strong currents. Using logistic regression analyses in an information-theoretic framework to compare habitat characteristics between nesting sites and randomly chosen sites, we found that Chubut Steamer Duck nesting sites were strongly and positively associated with higher proportions of shrub vegetation cover. To a lesser degree, the percentage of silt—clay sediment was also positively associated with nesting sites. Nest-site selection is thought to be associated with concealment from aerial predators and protection from weather. This is the first study of breeding habitat and nest-site selection of Chubut Steamer Ducks, and will contribute to management and habitat conservation for this rare flightless duck through identification of both general and specific habitat features that should be preserved or enhanced.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".