Terahertz pump-probe spectroscopy in YBCO thin films
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) radiation is ideal for probing many different materials and processes. Photons in the THz regime have energies on the order of an meV, which is an important energy scale for many electronic processes. In this paper we will describe the use of optical rectification of 50 fs IR pulses to generate THz pulses. Using this method, spectrally broad THz pulses with durations on the order of ps can be produced. This feature allows us to obtain time and frequency resolved information about the transmission of THz radiation during transient processes. A 50 fs IR pulse is used to optically excite a material and the relaxation as a function of time can be observed with the THz probe. We are developing a transient THz spectroscopy to study non-equilibrium processes in thin film superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO). We use ultrafast optical pulses to excite the sample, breaking a fraction of the Cooper pairs responsible for the film's superconductivity. This process produces highly energetic quasiparticles which thermalize and recombine on a picosecond timescale as the superconducting state recovers. Transient THz spectroscopy allows us to follow the evolution of this process with the required resolution, while simultaneously providing valuable spectroscopic information.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".