Comparison of one‐ and three‐dimensional soil vapour extraction experiments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Soil vapour extraction (SVE) is a common remediation technology used to clean soil contaminated with gasoline. Even though many studies have been completed on SVE, the majority of them have been at the one-dimensional level, while SVE occurs at a three dimensional level. Accordingly, one-dimensional and radial column laboratory experiments were completed to determine if the experimental configuration made a difference with the results. Two soil types were tested at a variety of flow rates. The contaminant used was toluene. The results were analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Analysis of both systems showed them to provide good mass closures. On a qualitative basis, the one-dimensional experiments showed that an increase in flow rates did not result in significant mass transfer limitations for the air flow rates tested. The radial columns revealed mass transfer limitations that were not seen in the one-dimensional column. Quantitative comparison through back-calculated mass transfer coefficients confirmed the trends seen in the qualitative analysis. It is unclear if this is a result of geometry of the radial column or the higher velocities within the radial column. The results indicate that further work with the radial column is necessary to better understand field SVE systems, making it possible to better predict field performance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".