Sci‐PM Fri ‐ 07: The development and testing of an all‐glass vessel for absorbed dose to water
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Calorimetry is widely used for establishing primary standards for absorbed dose. The advantage of using water as a calorimetric material is that it gives directly the absorbed dose to water, which is the quantity of interest for radiation therapy. Unfortunately, radiation‐induced chemical reactions in the water (sometimes with impurities) may be exothermic or endothermic, thus contributing to an unknown “heat defect”. Calculations and measurements show that there are a few aqueous systems for which the heat defect can be established with small uncertainty. In particular, the heat defect of pure water saturated with an inert gas or with hydrogen gas is expected to be zero after an accumulated dose of a few gray. The need for maintaining high purity water systems and techniques for cleaning, filling and sealing vessels contributes significantly to the complexity associated with water calorimetry. In an effort to overcome this limitation, we have developed a vessel in which only glass comes in contact with the water and which is flame‐sealed after being filled and saturated with an appropriate gas. We have measured the response of one such vessel over several years and found it to be stable and consistent with expected results. We believe these all‐glass vessels will ease the effort of maintaining water calorimeters as absorbed dose standards and may be used for direct comparisons among laboratories with similar devices.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".