SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION WITH HPLC-DAD SELECTIVE DETECTION OF AMITRIPTYLINE AND NORTRIPTYLINE IN HUMAN BREAST MILK
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A simple, rapid, highly selective and sensitive method was developed to determine concentrations of amitriptyline and nortriptyline in human breast milk, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a diode-array detector (DAD). Drugs were effectively extracted from 250 L of milk by a solid phase extraction procedure on a polymeric sorbent-C18-based cartridge. The separation was carried out on a Eclipse XDB-C18 reversed phase column (30 mm × 4.6 mm, 3.5 m particle size) using the mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and ammonium acetate 0.1M (33/67, v/v). Imipramine was used as internal standard. Calibration functions were linear in the calibration range of 60–300 ng.mL−1. The lower limit of detection was 1.9 ng.mL−1 for both compounds. The recoveries were 92% for amitriptyline and 89% for nortriptyline. Since no method have been reported in the literature for the dosage of these two drugs in breast milk, this method could be useful, particularly, when evaluating the potential risk for the neonate during the lactation period.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".