A study of scab resistance in 16 apple progenies using parents with partial scab resistance
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A study was conducted to examine the inheritance of partial resistance to apple scab [Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint.] using as parents a set of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) cultivars that show a range of field resistance to the disease, but are not known to carry any major-gene resistance. Akane, Alkmene, Antonovka, Carola, Chehalis, Goldgelbe, Katja and Summerred were used as pollen parents, and Spartan and an unnamed selection of Splendour × Gala parentage were used as seed parents in a factorial 2 × 8 mating design. One hundred seedlings of each family were planted in a randomized complete block design at a site with heavy annual natural scab infections. Each seedling was rated for infection severity for 3 consecutive years using a six-point categorical scale. A χ 2 procedure was used to estimate the contribution of each parent to field resistance (analogous to general combining ability, GCA) and the contribution of the particular male-female combination (analogous to specific combining ability, SCA). Infection severity tended to increase over the 3 yr of the study. Antonovka and Chehalis had the highest analogous GCA for resistance (defined here as absence of sporulating lesions). Specific combining ability was present in 2 of 3 yr, but was small in magnitude relative to GCA. The field resistance of a given parent tended to be a poor predictor of its breeding value. However, 13 of the 16 families had at least 30% of seedlings with a potentially useful degree of partial resistance (low severity of infection). The results are discussed in the context of breeding apples with durable scab resistance.Key words: Fruit breeding, Malus, partial resistance, Venturia inaequalis
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it