Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This research demonstrates that the formation of a crystalline sophorolipid product, by Candida bombicola can be attributed to two overlapping types of discrimination by the enzymes of this yeast. The first of these is a preference for direct incorporation of hydrocarbons having a chain length between 15 and 18 carbon atoms if these are in the medium. The second is a preference for the formation of the diacetylated lactone structure if hydroxycarboxylic acids that are 16 or 17 carbon atoms long are attached to the disaccharide. The combined effect is to produce a product mixture that contains a large amount of a single structure of sophorolipid that can result, in a crystalline product if either hexadecane or heptadecane is the sole lipophilic carbon source. Surface tension measurements of the various components isolated from the sophorolipid mixtures showed that the mono‐and diacetylated lactones were the most effective surfactants. This is consistent with literature reports that the lactone form of the sophorolipids is more useful for a number of applications than the open acidic structure. The surface tension behavior of some of the sophorolipids demonstrated patterns similar to those usually observed for carboxylic acids and other sparingly soluble amphipathic compounds.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".