A partial-molar volume study of electrolytes in propylene carbonate-based lithium battery electrolyte solutions at 298.15 K
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Apparent molar volumes (V 2, ϕ ) and standard partial-molar volumes (V 2 0 , ϕ ) of LiClO 4 and LiBr at 298.15 K have been determined from precise density measurements in solvent mixtures of propylene carbonate (PC) with dimethylformamide (DMF), tetrahydrofuran (THF), acetonitrile (AN), and methyl formate (MF). The scaled particle theory is used to calculate the contributions of the cavity formation and the electrolyte-solvent interactions to the standard partial-molar volumes. It is shown that V 2 0 , ϕ is strongly dependent on the nature of the solvents, and the trends in V 2 0 , ϕ with composition of the solvent mixtures are determined by the interaction volumes of electrolytes with solvents. The results are discussed in terms of ionic preferential solvation, packing effect of solvents in the solvation shell, and electrostriction of solvents by ion.Key words: partial-molar volume, scaled particle theory, lithium salts, propylene carbonate, solvent mixtures, lithium battery electrolytes.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it