Effect of harvesting time on incidence of seed-borne <i>Fusarium</i> spp. in spring wheat in eastern Ontario
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of five harvesting times on the incidence of seed-borne Fusarium spp. was examined using three spring wheat cultivars grown at two locations in eastern Ontario in 1999 and 2000. Twelve Fusarium spp. were isolated from 3831 of the 24 000 seeds, which were surface disinfected and plated onto modified potato dextrose agar. Fusarium sporotrichioides Sherb., F. graminearum Schwabe, F. poae (Peck) Wollenw., F. equiseti (Corda) Sacc., and F. avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc. were the most frequently isolated species and were isolated from 6.8, 3.7, 2.8, 1.8, and 0.6% of total seeds, respectively. The remaining species, F. acuminatum Ellis & Everh., F. crookwellense Burgess, Nelson & Toussoun, F. culmorum (W.G. Sm.) Sacc., F. oxysporum Schlecht., F. sambucinum Fuckel, F. solani (Mart.) Sacc., and F. tricinctum (Corda) Sacc., collectively infected only 0.3% of total seeds. The incidence of F. graminearum, F. sporotrichioides, and total Fusarium spp. increased about twofold, from 1.7, 3.9, and 9.5% in seed harvested very early to 5.5, 8.7 , and 19.8%, respectively, after delayed harvest. Also, F. poae had a significantly lower incidence at very early and early harvest times compared to normal or later harvest dates. Incidence of total other Fusarium spp., percentage of fusarium damaged kernels (FDK), and deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration were relatively low in the harvested grain and not affected by harvesting time. Of the three cultivars used, AC Barrie had the lowest incidence of Fusarium spp., FDK, and DON concentration in the grain; Quantum was intermediate; and Celtic had the highest. Variations in the incidence of Fusarium spp. for location and year were observed and likely related to levels of inoculum and weather conditions before and during harvesting times. Key words: Wheat, grain quality, farinograph, protein concentration, N management, cultivar selection and marketing
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".